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THE APPEAL OF SHORT-FORM VIDEOS:
A Digital Media Project

THE PROJECT

As part of a digital media project, research was conducted on short-form video platforms, including TikTok, Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts. The project aim?

Examine the appeal

of short-form video sharing for

people aged 18-25

The following objectives were set:

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  • Provide critical analysis of literature surrounding the topic of short-form videos and user experience

  • Examine the motivations and user experience of watching short-form videos

  • Identify why users prefer certain short-form video platforms

  • Identify motivations and rewards for the creation of short form videos.

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The results, along with a literature review of previous studies, and the research design, were included in a report. This website includes a breakdown of the process, with an evaluation, plus photography and video assets to go along with the research. This project helped to gain an understanding of Gen Z’s attitude towards watching and creating short-form media. It added to the pool of existing knowledge on fast-paced realm of social media. Many more studies can be carried out in the future as the situation evolves.

DATA COLLECTION

A mixed methods approach was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A questionnaire, which was open to everyone in the target demographic, was hosted on www.onlinesurveys.ac.uk. This received 67 respondents. The questions including the type of device they used, which apps and features they liked as a viewer and creator. 

The second method was a usability study, which had 4 participants. To start with, they were asked about their habits using short-form-form media. Following this, they were tasked with using TikTok, YouTube Shorts & Instagram Reels back-to-back. This was recorded so their interactions could be analysed later. Afterwards, they were informally interviewed on their experience of using the three apps. 

The project began in late 2021, where we had to choose out of four digital media topics. From there, we were given free reign of our project topic and its aims and objectives. I chose the subject of short-form videos, due to my curiosity on how it’s recently surged in popularity. As someone who watches longer videos YouTube, and occasionally the Shorts that it recommends me, I was intrigued as to how the experience on TikTok or Instagram would compare.

 

From here, I conducted a literature review, finding out all the basics of the topic, including general info about each of the three apps and the demographic for my project. I also delved into the topic of user experience, looking at how apps design their features to keep users engaged and have a smooth, pleasant experience.

 

The data collection stage came next. The questionnaire seemed straightforward enough. I pilot-tested the questions before setting up the real thing and posting it online. The usability study required more time and effort. I had to utilise my organisational skills to set up each session, and then be able to work collaboratively. One aspect that could’ve gone better was the sampling. Out of the 4 participants, 3 of them primarily used YouTube and the other used TikTok. It would’ve been ideal to have included someone who used Instagram Reels so the results would've been more well-rounded.

 

Taking on a research project of this scale and only having 3500 (+10%) words to sum up the whole process and findings was a lot more difficult than expected. Many of the points didn’t make the final cut, though most of these were about interesting outliers in the results. In the end I managed to successfully contribute to each objective and fulfil the research aim.

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The overwhelming majority (98.5%) of questionnaire respondents watch short-form videos for entertainment. Most of the respondents (61 out of 65) claim that they use a smartphone as their main device to watch short-form vids. Again, this isn't a surprise. Short-form videos are practically designed to be viewed on mobile. They utilise the swipe-up feature to scroll through an endlessly scroll through content, and the videos are set to a vertical orientation (Shin et al., 2016).

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TikTok splash screen on a smartphone - The most popular app and device used for engaging with short-form video content (according to the research participants)

Most of the participants from the questionnaire stated that they primarily use TikTok, followed by Instagram Reels, then YouTube Shorts to watch short-form content. It was expected that TikTok would come out on top, as it was the first of its kind that exploded in popularity, which led to the birth of Reels and Shorts. Those who chose TikTok even gave similar reasons, that it is an app dedicated to short-form vids, so it’s perfectly suited to provide that type of content. People who preferred YouTube or Instagram liked it because of the other content they offered. It’s possibly why they would’ve felt that there was no point moving to TikTok if they can access short-form videos, plus even more on a single app.

CONTENT CREATION

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Me attempting to film a "study with me" TikTok with my basic setup. All you need is a smartphone and some decent lighting, and sometimes a tri-pod.

From a content creator’s perspective, most of the participants still preferred TikTok, with the least preferring YouTube. Many of those who chose TikTok believed that the app was the most popular of the three, therefore it would grant them a bigger audience. The people who selected Instagram and YouTube didn’t seem to care about their reach. In fact, they commented on other factors, such as the communities that live on those platforms, and that they would prefer to create other types of content alongside short-form videos, giving these two apps the advantage over TikTok.

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A more advanced setup by a beauty TikToker. You can never have enough lights.

EVALUATION

THE FINDINGS

TikTok vs YouTube Shorts

vs Instagram Reels

This video provides a brief overview of the user interfaces of TikTok, YouTube Shorts and Instagram Reels. It gives a comparison of the features commonly seen and used by viewers and creators of each platform. This is to accompany the data collected from research participants by providing a visual representation of some of the points they brought up.

Sources:

TikTok (2021) Thanks a billion!

https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/1-billion-people-on-tiktok

 

Search Engine Journal (2021) YouTube Shorts: An Introductory Guide. https://www.searchenginejournal.com/youtube-shorts-guide/382267/#close

 

Music:

♪ A Caring Friend (Prod. by Bad Snacks)

Link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-69xirfOZZM

♪ Biscuit (Prod. by Lukrembo)

Link : https://youtu.be/EtZ2m2Zm3vY

♪ Onion (Prod. by Lukrembo)

Link : https://youtu.be/KGQNrzqrGqw

THE VIDEO ASSET

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